Bach worked with a variety of librettists who wrote the liturgical poetry relevant to the lesson of that particular Sunday’s sermon. This structure of a typical Bach church cantata, akin to a Euclidian mathematical proof, often leads to a cathartic conclusion, the prescription for progress of a play for the theater put forth by Aristotle in his Poetics. The chorale thus provided a measure of closure and comfort and served as punctuation to the emotional and spiritual journey just traversed. Bach’s church cantatas usually end with a chorale, a simple tune very familiar to the congregation since childhood, but harmonized by Bach with unequaled skill and variety. The musical numbers include arias (sung by one or a few soloists), connected by recitatives and ariosos (commentaries more akin to speaking). The pieces usually wend their way, often on a tortured path, to culminate in a kind of resolution, reconciliation, or resignation. Many start by stating a problem, often a human dilemma of faith or very, very frequently confronting suffering, hardship, mental anguish, illness, or death as dictated by the Bible reading for that day.
#JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH COMPOSITIONS SERIES#
These works comprise of a series of musical numbers that together usually last some 20 to 30 minutes. The text and messages of these musical interludes corresponded to the sermon predicated by the church calendar for the particular Sunday of performance. Close to 200 church cantatas of Bach survive, most composed during just his first 2 years as the Leipzig cantor. The cantor at the city’s major churches from 1723–1750, Johann Sebastian Bach, during a blazing, breathtaking, and prodigious period of productivity in the early 1720s composed over 2 annual cycles of church cantatas for performance during the weekly Sunday services. The University was the cradle of Leibnitz, who incubated the concepts of the calculus, and originated the notation we still use regularly in cardiology, as in dP/dt. Leipzig boasted a prominent university, and as a crossroads of commerce hosted an important trade fair (Leipziger Messe) thrice yearly. In the Saxon city Leipzig, a bustling commercial and intellectual center, Martin Luther’s ecclesiastic legacy loomed large.
In an era before antibiotics, antidepressants, and psychotherapy, many sought solace at Sunday services at church. Illnesses that we can prevent today with vaccination and control readily with modern remedies too often led to early death, chronic health challenges, and disability. The medicine of the time offered few effective therapies. pestis infections had bedeviled the populace. The brutal Thirty Years’ War had devastated the lands and the people.
Times were tough in the early 18th century in the states that we now know as Germany.
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